Which type of skin cell gives pigmentation and protects from UV rays?

Melanocytes are the skin cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. They are predominantly found in the epidermis, the outer layer of skin. The melanin produced by melanocytes plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When UV rays penetrate the skin, melanocytes increase melanin production as a response to help absorb and dissipate the harmful radiation, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer.

In contrast, keratinocytes are the primary cells in the epidermis that produce keratin, a protein that provides structure and waterproofing to the skin, but they do not provide pigmentation or specific protection from UV rays. Fibroblasts are found in the dermis and are primarily involved in producing collagen and elastin, which are important for skin strength and elasticity, not pigmentation. Adipocytes, or fat cells, are located in the subcutaneous layer and serve to store energy and insulate the body, but they do not have a role in pigmentation or UV protection. Therefore, melanocytes are the key cells that provide pigmentation and contribute to UV protection in the skin.