Which layer of skin is the most superficial?

The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin, serving as the outermost barrier that protects underlying tissues from environmental factors. This layer is primarily composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which provides toughness and helps in preventing water loss. The epidermis includes several sublayers, with the outermost stratum corneum consisting of dead skin cells that are continuously shed and replaced. This surface layer is crucial for maintaining skin health and function, as it acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, chemical exposure, and physical injuries.

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and hair follicles, while the hypodermis, or subcutaneous layer, lies beneath the dermis and consists mainly of fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and cushioning. The basal layer, or stratum basale, is actually a part of the epidermis and is not the most superficial layer; it contains actively dividing cells that give rise to new skin cells.