Which cells in the skin are involved in the immune response?

Langerhans cells are a specialized type of dendritic cell located in the epidermis, and they play a crucial role in the immune response of the skin. These cells are responsible for capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells, which are vital components of the adaptive immune system. By doing so, Langerhans cells help initiate an immune response when the skin is exposed to pathogens or foreign substances.

Through their unique location and function, Langerhans cells act as a first line of defense against invading microorganisms. When they encounter potential threats, they migrate from the outer layer of the skin to the lymph nodes, where they inform the immune system about the presence of antigens. This helps to orchestrate a targeted immune response to eliminate the threat.

The other cell types mentioned in the question serve different functions within the skin. Keratinocytes primarily provide a protective barrier and produce keratin, while melanocytes are involved in the production of melanin to protect against UV radiation. Adipocytes are fat cells that play a role in energy storage and insulation but are not directly involved in the immune response. Thus, Langerhans cells are specifically recognized for their important immunological role in the integumentary system.