What pigment is responsible for color in skin, hair, and eyes?

The pigment responsible for the color in skin, hair, and eyes is melanin. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are primarily located in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. This pigment plays a crucial role in determining an individual's skin tone and hair color, as well as providing protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The more melanin present, the darker the skin, hair, or eye color, which serves as a natural defense against UV-induced damage.

In addition to melanin, there are other pigments that contribute to coloration in the body. For example, carotene is another pigment found in the skin, particularly in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat, which can impart a yellow-orange hue. Hemoglobin, on the other hand, is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen and gives blood its red color, influencing the flush or pallor of the skin but not directly contributing to skin, hair, or eye color. Collagen is a structural protein that provides strength and elasticity to the skin but does not affect color.