What is the primary role of sebaceous glands?

The primary role of sebaceous glands is the release of sebum, which is an oily substance that plays an essential role in maintaining the health of the skin and hair. Sebum helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair, preventing dryness and protecting against the entry of pathogens. This oily secretion also has antibacterial properties, contributing to the skin's defense mechanisms.

In contrast, while production of melanin is related to melanocytes and provides pigmentation to the skin, it is not a function of sebaceous glands. Regulating moisture is influenced by various factors, including sweat glands and the skin barrier, rather than being a direct function of sebaceous glands. Lastly, although sebum has properties that can protect against bacteria, the primary function of sebaceous glands is the secretion of sebum itself.