What is the function of melanocytes in the skin?

Melanocytes are specialized cells found primarily in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Their primary function is to produce melanin, which is the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin plays a critical role in protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating harmful rays, thereby helping to prevent damage to DNA in skin cells that can lead to skin cancer. The amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes is determined by genetic factors, but can also be influenced by sun exposure and hormonal changes. This production of melanin is essential for providing not just color but also protection for the skin.