What is the effect of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays on the skin?

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays has a significant detrimental effect on the skin, with one of the most serious consequences being the development of skin cancer. UV radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that disrupt normal cell function and regulation. Over time, these mutations can accumulate and result in uncontrolled cell growth, which is characteristic of cancer.

Moreover, the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, increases with intermittent intense sun exposure, as well as consistent, cumulative exposure over years. The links between UV exposure and skin cancer are well-documented in dermatological studies, making it crucial to practice sun safety, such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours.

The other options do not accurately reflect the impact of prolonged UV exposure: increased elasticity, improved nutrient absorption, and reduction in pigmentation are not recognized effects of UV overexposure. In fact, UV exposure can lead to decreased elasticity due to skin damage and aging, as well as tanning or damage to pigmentation.