What function does melanin serve in the skin?

Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is a pigment produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells found primarily in the epidermis. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation from sunlight, melanin absorbs this radiation, reducing the risk of DNA damage in skin cells that can lead to skin cancer.

In addition to its protective function, melanin contributes to the pigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes, influencing how much light is reflected and absorbed. This natural defense mechanism is particularly important for individuals with lighter skin, who may be more susceptible to UV damage.

The other choices do not accurately describe the function of melanin. Padding is provided by subcutaneous fat and connective tissue, sweat is produced by sweat glands, and energy storage primarily occurs in fat cells, not through the function of melanin.