What cells are primarily responsible for the production of melanin?

The production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, is primarily carried out by melanocytes. These specialized cells are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they synthesize melanin from the amino acid tyrosine through a series of enzymatic reactions. The melanin produced by melanocytes is then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes, which helps protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and contributes to its coloration.

Understanding the role of melanocytes in the integumentary system highlights their importance not only in determining skin color but also in providing protection against UV damage, which can lead to skin cancer. In contrast, keratinocytes primarily produce keratin, a key structural protein of the skin, while fibroblasts are involved in producing collagen and extracellular matrix components, and adipocytes are fat cells that function primarily in energy storage and insulation.